Izinkambo Zokuvutha Zokuphuma Kwe-De-Energized Noma Zokuvutha Ngokusebenza: Kuyini Ukuhlukana?

Yini ngalokhu TRANSFORMER Izinkambo Zokuvutha?

Izinkambo zokuvutha zemithambo yezinhlanga ziyizinto ezivutha inombolo yamabili ephindwe emithambeni yemithambo yezinhlanga. Ukuvutha inombolo yamabili ephindwe ivutha isibalo se-mithambo futhi ngakho kuqondisa ivoltileji yesibili.

Ukuxhasana okubasikile kwe-mithambo kungakhulwa njengoko landelayo:

V₁ / V₂ ≈ N₁ / N₂

Lapho:

V₁ yilovoltileji yokuqala;
V₂ yilovoltileji yesibili;
I-N₁ yisiphambano sesikhundla sesiphambano sesikhundla;
I-N₂ yisiphambano sesikhundla sesikhundla sesikhundla.

Amachanger ethapu ayathunywa kakhulu kusikhundla sesikhundla sokuphakamisa ngokwesibonelo ngoba umoya uyisilinganiso okuncane kulesi sikhundla. Umoya okuncane kungabangela ukuthi umsebenzi wokuguqula uguqula futhi ukuzimisa kwesikhundla sokuguqula ethapu. Kepha, isikhundla sokugcina esithile sisebenza ngokwesifunda sezinhlelo zokusebenza nokufaneleka kwezinhlelo.

Amachanger ethapu wesikhundla kuyasebenza kubili izinhlobo ezinkulu:

1. Amachanger ethapu okuvulekile kahle, noma i-DETCs
2. Amachanger ethapu okusebenza ngaphandle kokuvulekile kahle, noma i-OLTCs

Ukuchaza okumangalisayo kukhona ukuthi ukuthintana kwenye indawo ethapu kungakwenzeka xa isikhundla sisivulekile futhi sisebenza ngokwesilungile.

Ithapu yokuvulekile kahle yini?

Ithapu yokuvulekile kahle ingasebenzisa kuphela xa isikhundla sisivulekile kahle.

Kusetshenziswa futhi ngokwesibonelo njenge:

• DETC, okungukuthi isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-energized;
• isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-sirkhithi;
• isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuload;
• isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuload.

Lezi zibizo ziyasebenziswa ngokufanayo emakheteni ngamanye amazwi, kodwa "isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-energized" yindlela eyinkulu yokuchaza ngoba iyachaza indlela esebenzayo yokuhlinzekileyo: umshini wokugcina kufanele awusebenzi ngalokhu kusenziwa.

Ngaphambi kokuguqula indawo yokugcina, abasebenzi kufanele bahlukanise umshini wokugcina kusuka kuzonke izindawo zokufa kwesikhathi, bavalele imithombo yezinhlobo zokuvalela nokubhala izibhali, bavumise ukungabikho kwe-voltage, futhi babuyele emazwini okuphathwa kwezinhlobo zomshini wokugcina.

Kungani Isikhombisa Sokugcina Ukusebenza Ngaphandle Kwe-Energized Ayikwazi Ukusebenziswa Ngaphakathi Kokusebenza?

Isikhombisa sokugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-energized ayisikhombisa esihlelwe ukwenza noma ukuvula umkhahlelo wokuload.

Ngokuguqula indawo yokugcina, izihlangothi zayo zingasemthandweni zihlukaniswa kusukela kwindawo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuthi zizokhokha kwindawo yezinye. Uma umshini wokugcina usebenzi ngalokhu, lokhu kungakwazi ukuthenga ukusuka kwezihlangothi.

Iziphumo ezingakwazi ukuzalwa ziyinkimbinkimbi:

• amaphakathi awathwele kana awavulwe;
• ukuthwasa kwemithombo yokuqinisa noma wezilungu;
• izikhundla zokugxuma ngaphakathi;
• ukungafaneli kokuguqula isikhundla sokuvula;
• ukubethwa kwesikhundla sokuvula;
• umshilo wokuphela kanye nokuthwasa kwabantu.

Ngalesi simo, i-DETC ayikwazi ukusebenzisa kuphela ngoba isikhundla sokuvula sibonakala “sisebenza ngokuphezulu.” Kufanele isebenzise kuphela ngezimo zokungasebenzi zokuvula okuchazwe ngumthunyelisi.

Izindlela zokuphumelela zokuvula ngokungasebenzi

I-DETC inehlango lomkhosi noluhlu lwemithombo yokuvula.

Izindlela zokuphumelela zakhi ziqondile ziyishumi:

• ukuthi ukhulula kwezimali ephansi;
• ukuthi kubhekise kwezinkulu;
• kunye kwezinqanaba ezincane zokuhambuka;
• ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza okuncane;
• ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza kahle kwezinkulu;
• ukuthi kusebenza ngokushesha ngokuphathwa kwendawo;
• ukuthi kuyasebenza kakhulu ekutheni kufanele kuthathelwe izilinganiso zokuvalelwa kwezimali ngokungafanele.

I-DETC iyasebenza kakhulu xa ivolthu yekhambi liyasebenza kahle futhi iposi yethap ye-transformer inqamuleka kuphela ekutheni kuthathelwa isikhathi sokufaka, isikhathi sokuzama, isikhathi sokuhlanzwa ngomnyaka, noma isikhathi sokuvalelwa ngokuplanwa.

Amaphakade we-De-Energized Tap Changer

Umphakade omkhulu uyikuthi ukuthatha izilinganiso zethap kufanele kuthathelwe isikhathi sokuvalelwa kwe-transformer.

Ngoko ke, i-DETC ayisifanele ngokuthi:

• ivolti yaguqula kahle;
• izilwanyana ziyagwema kakhulu ngemini;
• ukuprodukha akukwazi ukuzwa;
• ivolti kufanele ibe phakathi kwesikhundla esinye sokusebenza;
• ukulungisa kusuka emuva noma ngokuzenzela ngokuzwele kudingeka;
• ukuprodukha kwamaphuzu okunye akubiza iziguqulo zevolti kahle.

I-tap changer engenayo umthelela awukulungise ngokuzwele iziguqulo zevolti ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi ahlulele i-transformer futhi aqondise ngokushintsha isikhundla sakhe ngokwamanje.

I-On-Load Tap Changer Yini?

I-On-Load Tap Changer iyashintsha iratio yamaphuzu ngalokho amaphuzu ayisebenza futhi ayabona umthwalo wokusebenza.

Kubhekiswe kakhulu njenge OLTC . Kwenye izwe, igama eli load tap changer , noma LTC, liyasebenzisa futhi.

I-OLTC iyathumela umthelelo wokugcina kusuka kumthambo wokugcina ku-mthambo olandelayo ngaphandle kokuphulukana kwesiphumo. Lokhu kubonakala njengokuthi kuyasebenza kakhulu kumithambo yokuqala okufune ukuguqula okusheshayo, okuzenzakale, noma okwesikhundla ngaphandle kokuphulukana kwesiphumo.

IEC 60214 ikhombisa imizamo yokusebenza nokuzimela kwezindlela zokuzimela kwezinkambo zokugcina ngokusebenza noma ngaphandle kokusebenza. Ngokwemizamo yokuqala yase-IEC, i-OLTC ibekwe ukuqala ukuguqula isilinganiso sokugcina ngaphakathi kokugcina kwaye ngaphakathi kokugcina ngaphandle kokuphulukana kwesiphumo.

Izisekelo zesikhundla se-OLTC

Amatransformer okugcina ngokusebenza ayasebenzisa kakhulu kwi:

• amashishini okuthumela;
• amathuba okusungulwa kwesithunzi;
• amathuba okuphakanyisa amandla;
• izindawo zokwenza izilwane nezinkambo zezinhloko;
• amathuba okukhupha;
• izikhumba zedatha;
• izindawo ezenziwe ngokukhulu zokusebenza;
• iziprojekthi zokusebenzisa amandla okuzalwa kwabanye;
• izinkambo eziningi kakhulu;
• izindawo nezinhloko ezinomlando wokuthi ziyadlula.

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Ukuthi i-On-Load Tap Changer isebenza kanjani?

I-OLTC kufanele ibe yisisekelo sezinto ezimbili ngokwesibini:

1. Kuvumela umendo wokuloadiwa wokusha ngokugcina ukutshintsha kwetap.
2. Kuvumela ukuthi kungabikho ukuzimela okukhulu phakathi kwezintap ezilodwa.

Izintap zezinhlanganiso zezindawo zihlakaniphile ngokwezinye izindlela. Ukubambisana kuzo ngokuzenzakale kuzosala ukuzimela okungaba okukhulu kakhulu ukuze kwenzeke ubungo bokuphatha nokuswitching.

Ngoko ke i-OLTC isebenza ngendlela eyenzekelayo yokuguqula.

Ukubamba kabefore ukuvula

I-OLTC esiqondile isebenza ngokubamba isixhumanisi esitsha phambi kokuvula kabusha isixhumanisi sasekayi. Le ndlela yokusebenza isithakaziswa ngokwesiqondile njenge ukubamba kabefore ukuvula .

Ngokwesikhathi esinye sokuguqula, i-OLTC ingabambisana nezintap ezilodwa.

Isixhumanisi sokuguqula sifuneka ukuthi sibe yisixhumanisi sokuvula ukuzimela phakathi kazo. Ngokwesilinganiso se-OLTC, le siyakhiwa ngokwesilinganiso sokuguqula singaba:

• isithuthukisi sokuguqula;
• isithuthukisi sokuguqula, okwesibini kubizwa ngokuthi isithuthukisi sokuvikela.

UMegger uyachaza indlela yokuguqula yamaphakathi ngokuthi ukhanyisa isikhundla esilandelayo kabefore ukuphulula isikhundla sokusebenza kwesikhundla. Isithuthukisi sokuguqula noma isithuthukisi sokuguqula sokuzimisa isikhundla sokusambile kusenziwa ngokugcina isikhundla esilandelayo kusenziwa ngokugcina isikhundla esilandelayo.

Indlela Yokuguqula Yomphakathi Ngokwesithuthukisi Sokuguqula

Nakuba indlela eyodwa iyahlukana ngokwesithuthukisi sokuguqula yamaphakathi, indlela esinye yokuguqula ngokwesithuthukisi sokuguqula iyindlela yokuguqula ngokwesithuthukisi sokuguqula.

1. Utransformer uyasebenza ngokusebenzisa isikhundla sokusebenza.
2. Isikhundla sokuguqula sikhanyisa isikhundla esilandelayo ngokusebenzisa isithuthukisi sokuguqula.
3. Izikhundla zombili zikhanyiswa kusenziwa ngokugcina isikhundla sokusambile kusenziwa ngokugcina isikhundla sokusambile.
4. Isikhundla sokusebenza sokuphatha isikhundla esisha.
5. Isikhundla esisendaweni siphulwa.
6. Isi-resistiwe sokuguqula sivulwa kusendaweni yomugqa.
7. I-OLTC isikhuba ukusebenza kusendaweni entsha yokusebenza.

Isi-resistiwe sokuguqula sisebenzisa kuphela ngomzuzu wokuguqula okuphansi. Akasemthethwe ukuba sibeke kahle kusendaweni yokusebenza yomkhakha.

I-OLTC esintsha kungasebenzisa izinkampani zokudla zokubhekana, izinkampani zokuvula emaphuthini, izinkampani zokuguqula nge-resistiwe, izinkampani zokuguqula nge-reactor, noma izindlela ezinye zokwenza yomphakathi.

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Izinqamba ezingaphezulu zesi-OLTC

I-OLTC yezindaba zokuguqula nge-resistiwe ingasebenzisa:

Ukukhetha i-tap

Ukukhetha i-tap ukhomba i-tap elandelayo yomkhakha. Ngokwesibonelo, uyasebenzisa umsebenzi wokukhetha ngaphandle kokuguqula umkhakha wokusebenza wonke.

Isikhethi sokuguqula

Isikhethi sokuguqula suguqula umkhakha wokusebenza kusendaweni yokuqala kusendaweni esikhethiwe.

Amasimilo okuqhubeka

Amasimilo okuqhubeka akhala umsindo wokuphambana ngelikhathi elithile lapho amathapu amabili athi aphakathi kwenye ayisondela.

Isikhethi sokuguqula

Isikhethi sokubuyisa noma sokuguqula ngokukhulu/ngokucane singathwala isiphakamiso sokuguqula ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezinkambo zokugqula izinhlangothi.

Umehluko wokudrivela umoto

Umehluko wokudrivela umoto unikeza umthelela nokulungiselela ukuthi kwenziwe ukuguqula kwezithapu.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-OLTC ingayifaka futhi:

• amashishini okusuka kwenkambo;
• amashishini okuzimela okumechanikhi nelektriki;
• amashishini okusebenza;
• amathuba okukhetha kusuka esikhundleni esibonakalayo nokungakhethi kusuka endaweni engaphandle;
• amarelay okuvumela ukuguqula umkhosi wokuphakama kwesikhundleni;
• amashishini okubonisa ubude bewayile;
• ukulinda okwenziwa ngomkhosi noma ngogas;
• ukulinda isikhati sokunyusa;
• izixhumanisi zokulinda isimo lasekhwelini.

Akukho konke kwe-OLTC ekhona izinto eziphathelene nazo. Isitha sika-OLTC sokuvula noma sika-OLTC sokufihla, umdaba, kungenza ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugcina nokulinda umkhosi.

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Ukuguqula Ukuphakama Kuyakwenza Yini Ukuphakama Kwesikhundleni?

Kwesikhundleni sokuphakama kusukela emkhathini wokuphakama okuphakeme kakhulu kanye nesikhundleni sokuphakama esisodwa:

• Ukuvuselela inombolo yezinyathelo zokuphakama kusukela emkhathini wokuphakama kuvuselela isilinganiso futhi kunciphisa ukuphakama kwesikhundleni.
• Ukuncisha inombolo yokugcina kwezinkinga zokuphakama okukhulu kuncisha isilinganiso futhi kubhekisele ukuphakama kwesikhathi sesibili.

Ngamazwi amathuluzi:

\[ V_2 \approx V_1 \times \frac{N_2}{N_1} \]

Uma \(V_1\) kunye ne-\(N_2\) kuyabeka kusenzo:

• ukuphakama kwe-\(N_1\) kuncisha \(V_2\);
• ukuncisha kwe-\(N_1\) kukhuphula \(V_2\).

Kodwa izichazi zokufana no-“raise tap,” “lower tap,” “tap up,” kunye ne-“tap down” ayizange zibe yisilinganiso esifanayo. Isibonelo sakho singaphendula ku-umkhakha, indlela yokusebenza kwezinkambo, indlela yokugcina, isistimu yokomandela, noma indlela yokubala izikhundla.

Ngakho ke abasebenzi baya kubona ku-:

• indlela yokubhalwa kwezinkambo zokugcina;
• isithombe sokubala izikhundla;
• isikhombi sokulawula;
• indlela yokusebenzisa i-OLTC;
• umsebenzi wokusebenza owatholakala.

Kufanele bakhange ukubona isimo sezinhlobo zokuphakamisa ngokwezinye izinombolo zezikhundla zokuphakamisa.

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DETC vs. OLTC: Iziqu ezithile

Ukuthenga okuphelele, ubukhulu, isikhathi sokuhlinzeka, nokusebenza kuyikhoqo kubhekise kubukhulu bekutransformer, ubukhulu bekuvoltage, isikhathi sokugcina, indlela yokuguqula, kanye nolwazi lwezinhlobo. Ukuthenga okuphelele phakathi kwe-DETC kanye ne-OLTC ayikwenzekile njengomthetho wokuphelele.

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Kungani Ukhethe i-Transformer Yokuguqula Isikhundla Ngaphandle Kokusebenza?

1. Ukulungisa Umvuthi Ngaphandle Kokuvalelwa Kweminyaka

Isiphumo esiphelele se-OLTC sithi singaguqula ubukhulu bekutransformer ngaphandle kokuvalelwa kwettransformer ngalunye ukuguqula isikhundla.

Lokhu kubalulekile lapha ukuvalelwa kuzoba kuchaza:

• ukusebenza okuphelele;
• izinkambo eziningi kakhulu;
• izinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhumana;
• amahospitale;
• amandhlela okukhokha amabili;
• amasevisi okukhokha amabili;
• abathengisi bakwezomnotho.

I-OLTC isikhiphisa ukuthi isivuno siphume kusasa, kodwa akasikhiphisa ukuthi isisakhiwo sesithunzi asizange sifanele ngokuphuma kwesivuno. Amaphutha kwe-transformer, amandla okuhlinzeka, amaphutha okwesikhundla sokungaphansi, ukusebenza kwezinkambo, nemisebenzi eyodwa yezinye izinhloso zingakhokha isivuno.

2. Ukuvutha Kwezinkinga Zokuvumela Ukuvutha

Ukuvutha kubuyekeka ngokuzenzela ukuguqula kokugcina, ukuvutha kwe-feeder, indlela yokufika kwesithunzi, ukuvutha kwezinkambo, nokwesikhundla sokungaphansi kwenhloso.

I-OLTC ingasikhiphisa ukuthi ukuvutha kwebhekhile yokuqondisa kwi-rangi yayo. Ukuvutha kwezinkinga zokuvumela ukuvutha kusikhiphisa:

• ukusebenza kwegunya lokusebenza;
• isimo sokusebenza kwezithunzi;
• ukusebenzela kwe-motor;
• isikhathi sokusebenza kwesilungisi;
• ukubhalwa kwesivumelwano se-ku-voltage sesithunzi;
• isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu.

3. Ukuchazana Okuhle Nge-Compensation Yekheshi Elinamandla

Ukuphuma kwesikhezi sekheshi elinamandla esihlukaniswe ngokuphelele kusquaring yokuqonda kwe-voltage yokusebenza:

\[ Q \propto V^2 \]

Uma i-voltage iphela, isikhumba sekheshi siphuma ngokuphela ekheshi elinamandla. Uma i-voltage iphela kakhulu, ukuphuma kwesikhezi sekheshi siphela kakhulu futhi singasiza ekheshini elinamandla okungafanele noma ekheshini elinamandla okungafanele.

Ukuchazana kwe-OLTC yokuphatha nebanki zekheshi, amarektho, amasimba e-STATCOM, nezinto ezifundisa amaphetha kuzo zingasiza ekuvumelaneni kwe-voltage nokuphatha kwesikhezi sekheshi elinamandla.

Isistrategi yokuphatha kufanele isebenzise ngokujulile. Ukuchazana okungafanele kungasiza ekuphatheni kwe-tap, ukushintsha kwesikhumba sekheshi, ukuphatha okungafanele, noma ukuphatha okungafanele kwesikhezi sekheshi elinamandla.

4. Ukuncishiselwa Kwemiphumela Yekhetshe Ekusenokwenzeka

Ukudala ivoltijhi yesistimu ngaphakathi kwesikhundla sokusebenza esihle singakuncisha ukulula kwezinto zokusebenza futhi singasinda imiphumela yekhetshe.

Kodwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuthi konke okwenziwa ngolwazi lwe-OLTC lingakuncisha imiphumela. Isiphumo sokuphakathi sisebenza kuzo zizinto ezilandelayo:

• izinkambo zokusebenza;
• isiphumo se-power factor;
• ukulingana kwesikhundla sokufaka;
• ukulingana kwevoltage yokunqoba;
• imiphumela yebhanki;
• ukulula kwezinto zokusebenza zokuhlanganisa;
• ukugcina kwezinhloso zokusebenza;
• izilungiselelo zesikhondlo.

Ngoko ke, izindlela zokuphatha ukuvolthi ezintsha zihlukanisa izinto eziningi kune-ukuvolthi kuphela.

5. Ukusebenzisa kusuka endaweni engafanayo nokusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo

I-OLTC ingasebenziswe ngokulandela:

• amabutha amancane asekhaya;
• isistimu yokuphatha kusuka endaweni engafanayo;
• I-SCADA;
• i-relay yokuphatha ukuvolthi ngokuzenzakalelayo;
• ukuphatha kwezinye izisitimu zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kusiza isistimu sokuphatha ukubonisana ukuvolthi okwenzelwe nokulingiselelo futhi kubhala amalungiselelo okuphakanyisa noma okulula emva kokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi esifanayo nokufinyelela kwezinkinga zokuphakanyisa noma okulula.

I-deadband ne-delay zikhindisa izindlela ezingafanelekileyo ezisukela kubuthelelo obuncinci okanye obuhlanzwe ngokufupha.

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Kuphi umgca wokusebenzisa i-OLTC?

Akukho rhakhiwe lokugcina yonke eya kuzo zonke i-OLTC. Ukusebenza okuvumelekile kuyiphendula kwezimali zayo zokugcina, isimo sakho, isistimu yokulondoloza, imininingwane yokusebenza, isimo se-transformer, nokuthabatha izindlela zasekhaya.

Abasebenzi kufanele bafunde amazwi abhalelwe ngu-transformer ne-OLTC abayisebenzisa.

Ukuguqula i-tap kufanele kublokwe okanye kususwe emizimini lemi.

I-current iphika i-permitted switching duty

I-OLTC inemali yokugcina yomthwalo wokugcina nezimali zokusebenza. Uma i-current yase-transformer iphika i-mali evumelekile yokuguqula i-tap, ukuguqula kungathintana kakhulu emaphakathi ekuguqulweni, i-vacuum interrupters, i-transition resistors, noma izinye izinkambo zokugcina i-current.

Izinyathelo eziningi zezinyathelo zokugcina (OLTC) zinamandla okugcinwa okungafanele, ngakho ke ezinye kufanele ziblokwe uma kubhala isikhathi esiphakeme kumkhumbi wokugcinwa. Ukusebenza okungafanele kufanele kubhekwe ngokwesilinganiso sezinyathelo zokugcina (OLTC) futhi ngendlela yokusebenza yomthengisi—kungafanele ukusebenzisa umbiko wokuvamile.

Ukuphazamiseka okungafanele kwezinyathelo zokugcina (OLTC)

Izinyathelo zokugcina (OLTC) eziphindelelwe ngemoto zinokunqamuka izikhombi zokuphefumula, izikhombi zokulanda umsindo wemoto, izinkambo ezisetyenziswa ngogas, noma izinkambo ezingaphansi zokukhathala.

Ukuphazamiseka kungakhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukuzimela, ukuthi kwenziwa igas, inkinga yemoto, noma inkinga engaphansi enye. Kungekho ukuzimela kwesinyathelo sokugcina kusukela emva kokubhekwa kwale ukuphazamiseka ngokwesilinganiso sokusebenza.

Izinkambo zokukhathala zihlukahlukene kuma-OLTC amathuba, ama-OLTC amathuba asebhaleni, izinkambo zokugcina ezigciniwe ngogas, noma izinkambo zokugcina ezingavumelekile.

Ukungafanele kwezinkambo zokukhathala

Kuma-OLTC amathuba, ukusebenza kungabhekwa uma:

• imali yemoto ayiphakeme kumkhumbi owenzelwe;
• umkhumbi wokukhathala awufanele;
• imoto ibhalwe kakhulu;
• kubonakala ukugqibela kwemithombo;
• isikhumba se-oiyile noma isistimu sesifaniso sasifaniso siyaphulaphula.

Lezi zimo azikwameli ngendlela ethile kuzo zonke izintechinoloji zokuguqula i-tap-changer.

Ukudluliswa noma ukubonisa indawo ayiphulaphuli

Kufanele ukusebenza kususwa uma i-OLTC ibonisa:

• ukuguqula kwe-tap akupheleli;
• ukungafani kwezindawo;
• ukungasebenzi kwe-motor-drive;
• ukujambula kwemikhili;
• ukusho okungavumelekile;
• izithunywa zokuphatha okuphinde kuzoba ngokuphinde kwezinye;
• izilimi zesikhundla sezimiselwe;
• isiphumo sokusebenza noma isikhathi esingasendulo.

Ukukhipha izinkomba ngokuphinde kwezinye kuma-OLTC awenziwe ngokuphinde kwezinye noma akwenziwe ngokuphinde kwezinye kungahlela ukuthi kubheke kakhulu.

Isilinganiso Sokuphatha Sihlwe

I-OLTC inesilinganiso sokuphatha noma ukuzivikela esibonakaliswe ngamazinto amabili njengokuthi:

• inombolo yezisebenzo;
• umthelela wokuswitcha;
• ukuphatha kwemithwalo;
• isimo seoil;
• isikhathi sokusebenza;
• izindlela zokuthi kufanele kwenziwe ngumthwala wokuphathwa;
• imiphumela yokubona isimo.

Uma isikhundla sokuhleliwa sasifika, ukusebenza okwengeziwe kungakwazi ukwenzeka ngaphambi kokugcina ukubona okunconywa noma ukwenza iservisi esihlukile.

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Kungani Ukuthi Isikhundla Sokuphepha Kungadala Okuphambili Ngokuphepha Kwesikhundla?

Ngokuphepha kwesikhundla sokuphepha kwe-resistor, isistimu yokuphepha kufanele ikhulule isikhundla sokuphatha kwe-transformer futhi ikhulule isikhundla sokuphepha phakathi kwesikhundla sokuphepha esiseduze.

Izinto zokuphepha zibona isikhundla sokuphepha nasekhundleni sokuphepha. Uma isikhundla sokuphatha sikhulu kunezinkinga zokuphepha zokuphepha kwe-OLTC, isikhundla sokuphepha kwezinkundla nezinhlobo zokuphepha kungabuyisa kude kwezidingo zokuphepha.

Iziphumo ezingakwazi ukuzalwa ziyinkimbinkimbi:

• ukuphatha okuphakade;
• ukuphakama kakhulu;
• ukuphepha okuphakade;
• ukuthiwa kwesibonelo sokubambisana;
• ukuphakanyiswa kwamanzi;
• ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhala;
• ukusebenza kokulinda;
• Ukungafanani kwe-OLTC noma kwesikhumba.

Lokhu kukuthi amasistimu amaningi okulindela kwe-sikhumba ayinelungiselelo yokubambisana kwezinkambo zokugcina izinkambo zokuguqula izinyathelo ngokuzenzakale.

Kodwa isilinganiso sokubambisana kufanele sibe yisilinganiso sokubambisana kwe-OLTC, isithembiso sesikhumba, izilungiselelo zesikhumba, nezilungiselelo zomthengi.

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Ukukhetha Phakathi Kwe-DETC Noma OLTC

Isikhumba sokuguqula izinyathelo esingasenziyo singaba yinto ephakeme uma:

• isikhala sokufa sibalulekile;
• ukuthintela ukuthintela kungakwanele kakhulu;
• izishuthe zokuphatha ziyavumelwa;
• ukugcina okuphezulu kuyisifunda;
• ukuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo akudingeki;
• ukuthenga okuphansi kuyisifunda.

I-ON-LOAD TAP CHANGER ingayifuneka uma:

• ivolti ithintela kakhulu;
• izilwana ziyagqibha kakhulu;
• ukubona kwemithombo yomthombo kuyisifunda;
• ukuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwemithombo kudingeka;
• kufanele usebenzise isikhombisi sokuphakamisa;
• ukugenera kwesikhathi esisemthwakathini kubangela ubungakanani bokuvaleka;
• isibuso esihlanganisiweyo kufanele sibe ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinye sokuvaleka.

Ukuphatha kufanele kube ngezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinsizakalo ngokwesikhathi esifana nokuthi kubekiwe kwezinsizakalo zokwakhiwa, akakho ukuthi kubekiwe kuphela ukuthi kubekiwe kwezinsizakalo zokwakhiwa.

Izinto eziphambili zokuhlola ziyinkimbinkimbi ezilandelayo:

• isilinganiso sokuvaleka;
• inombolo yamabizo amaningi nezilinganiso zabo;
• ukuvaleka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza;
• ukuphakamisa kwezinhlobo zokusebenza;
• isilinganiso sokusebenza;
• ukusebenzisa ukuthi kubhekwe isikhundla sokugqibela;
• isilinganiso sesilinda;
• izindlela zokuphatha izinto zokusebenza;
• izinkinga zokulawula nokuxhumana;
• ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele;
• izimo zezulu;
• izindlela ezinamandla.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngakwesibili, ungakhuluma i-tap changer engayikhiwa noma umkhakha awunayo kodwa umkhakha uyayikhiwa?

Ngokuzenzakale, cha.

I-tap changer engayikhiwa kusobala ukuthi umkhakha kufanele ukhululwe ngokuphathelene ne-electricity, akasobala ukuthi kufanele kuphululwe kuphela. Umkhakha owayikhiwa kusobala ukuthi kuyabeka uvoltage phakathi kweminye yamaphakathi yamaphakathi yomthwalo noma ukuthi umthwalo wasecondary uphansi noma akukho.

Yenza ngokufollowa kwamandla okukhokha kwezindlela zokuvula.

I-OLTC iyakwenza ukuthi i-transformer ibe yisikhathi esingasendlela?

No.

I-OLTC iyavula ukuthi isikhathi esingasendlela kuphela ngokwesikhathi sokuguqula izithunzi. Ayikulungise isistimu konke ukugcina kwe-transformer, isistimu, ukulungisa, noma ukugcina kwezindawo zokuphinda kusuka emuva.

Amasitekile okukhulu kungenzeka abe nezinye izi-transformer ezinokubona, izibuko zezindawo ezimbili, izi-UPS, izimoto zokuzimela, izindlela zokuguqula, noma izindlela ezinye zokuhlanganisa.

Ngabe wonke i-OLTC iyasebenzisa izihlakalo zokuguqula?

No.

Izinhlu zezinye ze-OLTC ziyasebenzisa izihlakalo zokuguqula, kodwa ezinye ziyasebenzisa izihlakalo zokuguqula. Izinhlelo eziphambili kungenza ukusebenzisa izihlakalo zokuvula zemvume nezinhlelo ezinye zokuguqula noma zokuvula.

Ngabe i-OLTC iyabhekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njalo?

No.

I-OLTC ingasebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokusebenzisa kwamandla emuva kwesikhombisa sokusebenzisa, ngokusebenzisa kwesikhathi sokuphinda kusuka emuva ngaphandle kwe-SCADA, noma ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwe-relay yokuvula ukuvula.

Ngabe inombolo eyinkulu yokuguqula iyakhupha ukuvula kwesibili?

Akukho lutho lokhu.

Izinhombolo zokufaka impahla nezindlela zokwakha ‘ukuphakamisa/ukusula’ zihlukahlukene. Abasebenzi kufanele bakhankle izicelo zokufaka impahla zomkhawuli nokuthi yini okwenziwe ngokusebenza kwakhe.

I-DETC ibonakala kangakanani kulokho okwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (OLTC)?

I-DETC iyisikhundla esingaphansi kakhulu kanye nesifanayo kakhulu futhi isebenza ngokungafanele ukubeka izinkomba. I-OLTC iyisikhundla esiningi kakhulu ngoba kufanele ikhishane umsebenzi wokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhishwa umsebenzi wokusebenza.

Kodwa ukubonakala kakhulu kuyiphakathi yokudesign, ukusetshenziswa, ukubeka izinkomba, ukusebenza kwezinsizakwane, ukufakwa kwezinsizakwane, nokuhlelwana kwezinsizakwane.

Yini inkqubo yokubeka izinkomba ye-OLTC?

Akukho isikhathi esifanayo.

Ukubeka izinkomba kungathinta isikhathi esiphakathi, inombolo yezinhombolo ezisetyenziswa, umsebenzi wokukhishana umsebenzi, ukuphatha kwezinkamba, imithwalo yamanzi, iziphakamiso zokuhlola, nakulokho okwenzelwe ngumthwali. Izinkamba zokubeka izinkomba zokugcina amanzi zinokuthinta izinkomba zokubeka izinkomba zokugcina amanzi.

Isiphetho

Ukulinganisa phakathi kwezinkamba zokufaka impahla zokunquma nokubeka izinkomba zokusebenza kungenabizo kubalulekile:

• A DETC iyishintsha indlela yokusebenza yomkhawuli kuphela lapho umkhawuli awunqumi.
• I OLTC iyashintsha indima ngalokho umshini uyasebenza futhi uyasebenza ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi.

Ukubhekana kwe-OLTC kubalulekile kakhulu. Kufanele kugcine indlela yokusebenza yomsebenzi ngelikhathi lesiqondiso esihlukene sesikhundla sokuphakamisa isikhundla sokuphakamisa. Lokhu kufikwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthintana okuhlelwa ngokuphelele okusetyenziswa kumthwalo wokuthintana noma ukuthintana, kuyisiphumo sokuhlukanisa.

I-DETC ziyamangaliswa, zingcono, futhi ziyafanele kuzamekile okungafanele ukuthintana. I-OLTC ziyafanele kumazame okufune ukuthintana okuphezulu, ukulawula kusuka endaweni engaphezulu, ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma ukuthuthukisa ukuphila kwesikhathi sokuthintana.

Ukuchaza okokugcina kufanele kubase kusuka kumkhondo wezindlela zokusebenza, izinkinga zokusebenza, indlela yokulawula, izimithandizo ezifanele, nokuthinta kwesikhathi sokusebenza konke.